Kejadian 15:18

15:18 That day the Lord made a covenant ¹  with Abram: “To your descendants I give ²  this land, from the river of Egypt ³  to the great river, the Euphrates River –

Ulangan 1:7

1:7 Get up now, ⁴  resume your journey, heading for ⁵  the Amorite hill country, to all its areas ⁶  including the arid country, ⁷  the highlands, the Shephelah, ⁸  the Negev, ⁹  and the coastal plain – all of Canaan and Lebanon as far as the Great River, that is, the Euphrates.

Yosua 1:4

1:4 Your territory will extend from the wilderness in the south to Lebanon in the north. It will extend all the way to the great River Euphrates in the east (including all of Syria) ¹⁰  and all the way to the Mediterranean Sea ¹¹  in the west. ¹² 

Yesaya 11:15

11:15 The Lord will divide ¹³  the gulf ¹⁴  of the Egyptian Sea; ¹⁵ 

he will wave his hand over the Euphrates River ¹⁶  and send a strong wind, ¹⁷ 

he will turn it into seven dried-up streams, ¹⁸ 

and enable them to walk across in their sandals.

Yesaya 16:12

16:12 When the Moabites plead with all their might at their high places, ¹⁹ 

and enter their temples to pray, their prayers will be ineffective! ²⁰ 

[15:18]  ¹ tn Heb “cut a covenant.”

[15:18]  ² tn The perfect verbal form is understood as instantaneous (“I here and now give”). Another option is to understand it as rhetorical, indicating certitude (“I have given” meaning it is as good as done, i.e., “I will surely give”).

[15:18]  sn To your descendants I give this land. The Lord here unconditionally promises that Abram’s descendants will possess the land, but he does not yet ratify his earlier promises to give Abram a multitude of descendants and eternal possession of the land. The fulfillment of those aspects of the promise remain conditional (see Gen 17:1-8) and are ratified after Abraham offers up his son Isaac (see Gen 22:1-19). For a fuller discussion see R. B. Chisholm, “Evidence from Genesis,” A Case for Premillennialism, 35-54.

[15:18]  ³ sn The river of Egypt is a wadi (a seasonal stream) on the northeastern border of Egypt, not to the River Nile.

[1:7]  ⁴ tn Heb “turn”; NAB “Leave here”; NIV, TEV “Break camp.”

[1:7]  ⁵ tn Heb “go (to).”

[1:7]  ⁶ tn Heb “its dwelling places.”

[1:7]  ⁷ tn Heb “the Arabah” (so ASV, NAB, NIV, NRSV).

[1:7]  ⁸ tn Heb “lowlands” (so TEV) or “steppes”; NIV, CEV, NLT “the western foothills.”

[1:7]  sn The Shephelah is the geographical region between the Mediterranean coastal plain and the Judean hill country.

[1:7]  ⁹ sn The Hebrew term Negev means literally “desert” or “south” (so KJV, ASV). It refers to the area south of Beer Sheba and generally west of the Arabah Valley between the Dead Sea and the Gulf of Aqaba.

[1:4]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “all the land of the Hittites.” The expression “the land of the Hittites” does not refer to Anatolia (modern Turkey), where the ancient Hittite kingdom of the second millennium b.c. was located, but rather to Syria, the “Hatti land” mentioned in inscriptions of the first millennium b.c. (see HALOT 1:363). The phrase is omitted in the LXX and may be a scribal addition.

[1:4]  ¹¹ tn Heb “the Great Sea,” the typical designation for the Mediterranean Sea.

[1:4]  ¹² tn Heb “From the wilderness and this Lebanon even to the great river, the River Euphrates, all the land of the Hittites, even to the great sea [at] the place where the sun sets, your territory will be.”

[11:15]  ¹³ tn The verb is usually understood as “put under the ban, destroy,” or emended to חָרָב (kharav, “dry up”). However, HALOT 354 s.v. II חרם proposes a homonymic root meaning “divide.”

[11:15]  ¹⁴ tn Heb “tongue” (so KJV, NAB, NASB, NRSV).

[11:15]  ¹⁵ sn That is, the Red Sea.

[11:15]  ¹⁶ tn Heb “the river”; capitalized in some English versions (e.g., ASV, NASB, NRSV) as a reference to the Euphrates River.

[11:15]  ¹⁷ tn Heb “with the [?] of his wind” [or “breath”]. The Hebrew term עַיָם (’ayam) occurs only here. Some attempt to relate the word to an Arabic root and translate, “scorching [or “hot”] wind.” This interpretation fits especially well if one reads “dry up” in the previous line. Others prefer to emend the form to עֹצֶם (’otsem, “strong”). See HALOT 817 s.v. עֲצַם.

[11:15]  ¹⁸ tn Heb “seven streams.” The Hebrew term נַחַל (nakhal, “stream”) refers to a wadi, or seasonal stream, which runs during the rainy season, but is otherwise dry. The context (see v. 15b) here favors the translation, “dried up streams.” The number seven suggests totality and completeness. Here it indicates that God’s provision for escape will be thorough and more than capable of accommodating the returning exiles.

[16:12]  ¹⁹ tn The verb that introduces this verse serves as a discourse particle and is untranslated; see note on “in the future” in 2:2.

[16:12]  ²⁰ tn Heb “when he appears, when he grows tired, Moab on the high places, and enters his temple to pray, he will not prevail.” It is possible that “when he grows tired” is an explanatory gloss for the preceding “when he appears.”